ABSTRACT
Resumo A promoção da saúde possui um conjunto de estratégias para trazer saúde e reduzir desigualdades. No entanto, tem sido um desafio avaliar a efetividade de programas de promoção de saúde. Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de Matriz de Avaliação, construída por meio de indicadores quali-quantitativos e multidimensionais, que estão apoiados nas políticas públicas voltadas para territórios com vulnerabilidade social. Estudo transversal, com realização de programa de promoção da saúde e a finalidade de desenvolver uma Matriz de Avaliação, com possibilidade de aplicação em duas áreas de distinta vulnerabilidade socioambiental. A Matriz de Avaliação demonstrou ser de fácil aplicação e permitiu detectar os pontos fortes e fracos dos programas de promoção da saúde aplicados em diferentes territórios. Verificou-se que a adesão dos gestores, das equipes, da população e dos diversos setores da sociedade foram decisivos para o sucesso do programa. Adicionalmente, os agentes de saúde se destacaram como atores essenciais devido ao seu vínculo com a população. As contribuições incluem instrumento e metodologia para avaliar os programas de promoção da saúde, que podem ser aplicados em realidades distintas e modificados de acordo com o território.
Abstract Health promotion has a set of strategies for advancing health and reducing inequalities. However, evaluating the effectiveness of health promotion programs has been a challenge. This paper shows the development and application of the Evaluation Matrix, constructed with qualitative-quantitative and multidimensional indicators supported by public policies targeting socially vulnerable territories. This is a cross-sectional study with the implementation of a health promotion program in order to develop an Evaluation Matrix to be applied in two distinct socio-environmentally vulnerable areas. The Evaluation Matrix proved to be easily applicable and enabled the detection of strengths and weaknesses of health promotion programs applied in different territories. The participation of managers, teams, population and multiple sectors of society was decisive for the success of the program. Furthermore, community health workers stood out as essential stakeholders due to their linkages with the population. Contributions include a tool and methodology for evaluating health promotion programs to be applied in different territories and modified according to the territory.
Subject(s)
Humans , Public Policy , Vulnerable Populations , Health Promotion/methods , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Program Evaluation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Community Health Workers/organization & administration , Health Status DisparitiesABSTRACT
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are present in Brazil from upper-to low-income communities, with varying infection estimates; however, they affect those living in urban and rural poverty more severely, without adequate access to consistently safe drinking water, sanitation, waste disposal, medical access and education. Estimates show the need for establishing infection prevalence and socioeconomic features, along with population knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding IPIs. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence and KAP regarding IPIs of residents of an urban low-income community (Parque Oswaldo Cruz/Amorim) of the Complexo de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Lutz sedimentation technique was used for parasite detection (n=1,121) and, to obtain data on community KAP regarding IPIs, a KAP survey, adapted from Mello et al. was applied (n=505). An overall prevalence of 20.7% was detected with protozoa composing 92.9% (n=235) of the positive samples. Questionnaires revealed generally correct knowledge but with several inconsistencies, unawareness of the association between the etiological agent and the disease, and uncertainty regarding own knowledge of the subject. The population understood the importance of prevention and was willing to utilize prevention strategies despite being unsure of how to prevent infection. Further studies are required to investigate best practices for improving health equity, community health empowerment and IPIs prevention in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.